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Paul Touvier
Paul Claude Marie Touvier (April 3, 1915 – July 17, 1996) was a Nazi collaborator in Occupied France during World War II. In 1994, Touvier became the first Frenchman to be convicted of crimes against humanity.
== Early life ==
Paul Touvier was born in Saint-Vincent-sur-Jabron, Alpes de Haute-Provence, in southeastern France. His family was devoutly Roman Catholic, lower middle class and extremely conservative.〔(Biography of Paul Touvier ), Centre d'Histoire de la Résistance et de la Déportation, Lyon, France. Retrieved February 13, 2011 〕 He was one of 11 children,〔 and the oldest of the five boys.〔 Serving as an altar boy when young, he attended a seminary for a year, intending to become a priest.〔
Touvier's mother, Eugenie, was an orphan who was raised by nuns. As an adult, she was very religious and went to Mass every day.〔 She died when Touvier was an adolescent.〔 His father, François Touvier, was a tax collector in Chambéry, after serving 19 years in the French Army.〔 Touvier's father was vehemently opposed to the anti-clerical legislation promulgated by the Third Republic and was a supporter of Charles Maurras and ''L'Action Française'', both of which advocated a monarchist restoration in France.〔
Paul Touvier graduated from the ''Institute St. Francis de Sales'' in Chambéry at the age of 16. When he turned 21, his father got him a job as a clerk at the local railroad station, where he continued to work as World War II began.〔 Widowed on the eve of the war, he continued to reside in Chambéry. Touvier was mobilized for the war effort in 1939. After the Vichy government was created, Touvier and his family were firm supporters of Maréchal Petain. They both joined the Vichy veterans' group when it was founded in 1941.〔
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